An Update to the Selected Bibliography on Evangelicals and Evolution

My current selected bibliography on evangelicals and evolution was getting a little long in the tooth (over two years without an update). I have now posted an updated PDF version of the selected bibliography. These are all resources that I have found helpful in my own research into the interaction of evolutionary science and an evangelical expression of the Christian faith.

Note that this is a personal bibliography and is thus biased to my own set of interests (eg. historical context of the dialogue, and the theological implications of evolution); it is certainly not a comprehensive list of resources. For example, the Haarsma’s Origins book is not on the list since I haven’t read it. However, this might be the first book I recommend to an evangelical from the reformed tradition who is investigating evolution & its faith implications for the first time.

As well as uploading the PDF version to scribd, I’ve reproduced the list of resources below.

Selected Bibliography

Alexander, Denis. June 1999. Can science explain everything? scientific naturalism and the death of science. The Cambridge Papers 8 #2, , http://www.cis.org.uk/assets/files/Resources/Articles/Article-Archive/naturalism.htm (accessed December 2006).

———. 2005. Is intelligent design biblical? Evangelicals Now, http://www.cis.org.uk/assets/files/Resources/Articles/Article-Archive/EN_IDarticle.pdf.

———. 2001. Rebuilding the matrix : Science and faith in the 21st century. 1st ed. Oxford: Lion Books.

———. Darwinian evolution: The really hard questions. in ASA 2007 Annual Meeting [database online]. [cited Nov 10 2009]. Available from http://www.asa3.org/ASAradio/ASA2007Alexander.mp3; http://www.asa3.org/ASA/meetings/edinburgh2007/papers/Edinburgh_Alexander_slides.pdf.

———. Does evolution have any religious significance? [cited December 2006]. Available from http://www.cis.org.uk/assets/files/Resources/Articles/Article-Archive/Denis-Alexander-evolution-religious-significance-v2.pdf.

Bartholomew, David J. 2008. God, chance, and purpose : Can god have it both ways?. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press.

Beale, G. K. 2006. Myth, history, and inspiration: A review article of inspiration and incarnation. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society: 287-312.

Bebbington, D. W. 1989. Evangelicalism in modern britain : A history from the 1730s to the 1980s. London ; Boston: Unwin Hyman.

Bimson, John J. 2006. Reconsidering a "cosmic fall". Science and Christian Belief 18, (1): 63-81.

Bright, John. 2000. A history of israel. 4th ed. Louisville, Ky: Westminster J. Knox Press.

Brown, Warren S., H. Newton Malony, and Nancey C. Murphy. 1998. Whatever happened to the soul? : Scientific and theological portraits of human nature. Theology and the sciences. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.

Cobern, Bill. One christian's perspective on creation and evolution. in Western Michigan University (SLCSP) [database online]. [cited November 13 2009]. Available from http://www.wmich.edu/slcsp/SLCSP176/SLCSP176.pdf.

Colling, Richard G. 2004. Random designer : Created from chaos to connect with the creator. Bourbonnais, Ill.: Browning Press.

Collins, Francis S. 2006. The language of god : A scientist presents evidence for belief. New York: Free Press.

Collins, Robin. 2003. Evolution and original sin. In Perspectives on an evolving creation., ed. Keith B. Miller, 469-501. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

Dawkins, Richard. 1976. The selfish gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Dembski, William. Christian theodicy in light of genesis and modern science. [cited December 2006]. Available from http://www.designinference.com/documents/2006.05.christian_theodicy.pdf.

Dickerson, Richard. June 1992. The game of science: Reflections after arguing with some rather overwrought people. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 44, (2): 137-138.

Domning, Daryl P., and Monika Hellwig. 2006. Original selfishness : Original sin and evil in the light of evolution. Ashgate science and religion series. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.

Enns, Peter. 2007. Preliminary observations on an incarnational model of scripture: Its viability and usefulness. Calvin Theological Journal 42, : 219-236.

———. 2006. Response to G. K. Beale’s review article on inspiration and incarnation. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society: 313-326.

———. 2005. Inspiration and incarnation : Evangelicals and the problem of the old testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic.

———. Inspiration & incarnation: Thoughts, musings, interactions, responses…about or inspired by the book. [cited November 13 2009]. Available from http://peterennsonline.com/ii/.

Falk, Darrel R. 2004. Coming to peace with science : Bridging the worlds between faith and biology. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press.

Finlay, Graeme. June 2008. Human evolution: How random process fulfils divine purpose. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 60, (2): 103-114.

———. April 2003. Homo divinus: The ape that bears God’s image. Science and Christian Belief 15, (1): 17-40.

Fischer, D. 1994. In search of the historical adam: Part 2. Perspectives on Science and the Christian Faith 46, : 47-57.

———. 1993. In search of the historical adam: Part 1. Perspectives on Science and the Christian Faith 45, : 241-50.

Giberson, Karl. 2008. Saving darwin : How to be a christian and believe in evolution. New York: HarperOne.

Gingerich, Owen. 2006. God's universe. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Glover, Gordon. 2007. Beyond the firmament. Chesapeake, VA: Watertree Press.

Godfrey, Stephen J., and Christopher R. Smith. 2005. Paradigms on pilgrimage : Creationism, paleontology, and biblical interpretation. Toronto: Clements Pub.

Gould, Stephen J. Evolution as fact and theory. in Stephen J. Gould Library [database online]. 1981 [cited December 2006]. Available from http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/gould_fact-and-theory.html.

Gray, Terry. 2003. Biochemistry and evolution. In Perspectives on an evolving creation., ed. Keith B. Miller, 256-287. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

———. Complexity--yes! irreducible--maybe! unexplainable--no! A creationist criticism of irreducible complexity. in ASA [database online]. [cited December 2006]. Available from http://www.asa3.org/evolution/irred_compl.html.

Haarsma, Deborah, and Jennifer Wiseman. 2003. An evolving cosmos. In Perspectives on an evolving creation., ed. Keith B. Miller, 97-119. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

Haarsma, Loren. March 2002. Can many world views agree on science? Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 54, (1): 28-29.

———. Chance from a theistic perspective. in Talk Origins [database online]. July 29, 1996 [cited May 2006]. Available from http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/chance/chance-theistic.html.

———. 2003. Does science exclude god? natural law, chance, miracles, and scientific practice. In Perspectives on an evolving creation., ed. Keith B. Miller, 72-94. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

———. Is intelligent design scientific? in ASA [database online]. [cited May 2006]. Available from http://www.asa3.org:16080/ASA/meetings/Messiah2005/papers/IsIDScientific_ASA2005.htm.

Haarsma, Loren, and Terry Gray. 2003. Complexity, self organization, and design. In Perspectives on an evolving creation., ed. Keith B. Miller, 288-312. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

Hall, John. 2009. Chance for a purpose. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 61, (1): 3-12.

Harvey, Allan. Science and nature in christian perspective. [cited December 2006]. Available from http://steamdoc.s5.com/sci-nature/.

Haught, John F., and Carl S. Helrich. 2005. Purpose, evolution and the meaning of life : Proceedings of the fourth annual goshen conference on religion and science. Kitchener, Ont.: Pandora Press.

Hedman, Bruce A. 1989. Mathematics, cosmology, and the contingent universe. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 41, (2): 99-103.

Hill, Carol. June 2007. A third alternative to concordism and divine accommodation: The worldview approach. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 59, (2): 129-134.

Hughes, Philip Edgcumbe. 1989. The true image : The origin and destiny of man in christ. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans.

Hurd, James. June 2006. Reply to the real adam and original sin. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 58, (2): 102-3.

———. 2003. Hominids in the garden. In Perspectives on an evolving creation., ed. Keith B. Miller, 208-233. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

Hyers, Conrad. 1984. Dinosaur religion: On interpreting and misinterpreting the creation texts. Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation 36, (3): 142-148.

———. 1982. Biblical literalism: Constricting the cosmic dance. The Christian Century Aug 4, : 832-841.

Isaac, Mark. An index of creationist claims. [cited November 13 2009]. Available from http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/index.html.

Isaac, Randy. Sept 2005. From gaps to gods. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 57, (3): 230-4.

———. June 2007. Assessing the RATE project. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 59, (2): 143-146.

———. 1996. Chronology of the fall. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 48, : 34-42.

Johnson, Timothy R., and Karl Giberson. Dec 2002. The teaching of evolution in the public school: A case study analysis. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 54, (4): 242-248.

Kline, Meredith. 1996. Space and time in the genesis cosmogony. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 48, (1): 2-15.

Krienke, Karl. Dec 1992. Theodicy and evolution. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 44, (4): 255-257.

Lamoureux, Denis. 2008. Evolutionary creation : A christian approach to evolution. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock.

———. 2008. Lessons from the heavens: On scripture, science and inerrancy. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 60, (1): 4-15.

———. Evolutionary creationism. [cited May 2006]. Available from http://www.ualberta.ca/~dlamoure/3EvoCr.htm.

Leslie, John. 1989. Universes. London ; New York: Routledge.

Lindberg, David C., and Ronald L. Numbers. 2003. When science & christianity meet. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Livingstone, David N. 2008. Adam's ancestors : Race, religion, and the politics of human origins. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

———. 1987. Darwin's forgotten defenders : The encounter between evangelical theology and evolutionary thought. Grand Rapids, Mich.; Edinburgh, Scotland: W.B. Eerdmans; Scottish Academic Press.

Long, V. Philips, Gordon J. Wenham, and David W. Baker. 2002. Windows into old testament history : Evidence, argument, and the crisis of "biblical israel". Grand Rapids, Mich. ; Cambridge, U.K.: W.B. Eerdmans.

Marsden, George M. 1987. Reforming fundamentalism : Fuller seminary and the new evangelicalism. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

———. 1980. Fundamentalism and american culture : The shaping of twentieth century evangelicalism, 1870-1925. New York: Oxford University Press.

Marsden, George M., Mark A. Noll, Joel A. Carpenter, Roger Lundin, Nathan O. Hatch, and Wheaton College . Authors. 1984. Evangelicalism and modern america. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

McGrath, Alister E. 2008. The open secret : A new vision for natural theology. Oxford: Blackwell Pub.

———. 2005. Dawkins' god : Genes, memes, and the meaning of life. Oxford: Blackwell Pub.

———. 2002. The future of christianity. Blackwell manifestos. Oxford ; Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.

———. Has science eliminated god? in CiS-St Edmund's Online Lectures [database online]. [cited November 13 2009]. Available from http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/cis/mcgrath/index.html.

———. Has science killed god? (faraday paper #9). in Faraday Institute for Science and Religion [database online]. [cited November 13 2009]. Available from http://graphite.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/resources/Faraday%20Papers/Faraday%20Paper%209%20McGrath_EN.pdf.

———. Isn't science more rational than faith? in Evangelical Alliance of the UK [database online]. [cited November 10 2009]. Available from http://www.eauk.org/resources/idea/bigquestion/bq18.cfm?renderforprint=1.

McIntyre, J. A. Sept. 2002. The historical adam. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 54, (3): 150-7.

———. June 2006. The real adam and original sin. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 58, (2): 90-8.

McLaren, Brian D. 2003. The story we find ourselves in : Further adventures of a new kind of christian. 1st ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Menninga, Clarence. Sept 1988. Creation, time, and "apparent age". Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 40, (3): 160-2.

———. Dec 1999. Disease and dying in the fossil record. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 51, (4): 226-230.

Miller, Roman. Mar 2007. Do we debate or dialogue issues of science and faith? Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 59, (1): 1-2.

Miller, Keith B. September 1993. Theological implications of an evolving creation. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 45, (3): 150-160.

———. June 2002. The similarity of theory testing in the historical and “Hard” sciences. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 54, (2): 119-122.

———. 2003. Common descent, transitional forms, and the fossil record. In Perspectives on an evolving creation., ed. Keith B. Miller, 152-181. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

———. 2003. Perspectives on an evolving creation. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

Miller, Keith B., and David Campbell. 2003. The "cambrian explosion": A challenge to evolutionary theory? In Perspectives on an evolving creation., ed. Keith B. Miller, 182-204. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

Miller, Kenneth R. 1999. Finding darwin's god : A scientist's search for common ground between god and evolution. New York: Cliff Street Books.

Morris, Simon Conway. 2006. The boyle lecture 2005: Darwin's compass: How evolution discovers the song of creation. Science and Christian Belief 18, (1): 5-22.

Moshier, Stephen O., Dean Arnold, Larry L. Funck, Raymond Lewis, Albert J. Smith, John H. Walton, and William Wharton. Dec 2007. Theories of origins: A multi- and interdisciplinary course for undergraduates at wheaton college. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 59, (4): 289-296.

Murphy, George L. March 2006. Reading god's two books. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 58, (1): 64-7.

———. March 2001. Chiasmic cosmology and creation's functional integrity. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 53, (1): 7-13.

———. March 1986. A theological argument for evolution. Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation 38, (1): 19-26.

———. June 2006. Roads to paradise and perdition: Christ, evolution, and original sin. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 58, (2): 109-118.

———. Dec 2008. Chiasmic cosmology and atonement. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 60, (4): 214-224.

———. 2005. Pulpit science fiction. Ohio: CSS Publishing Company Inc.

———. 2003. Christology, evolution, and the cross. In Perspectives on an evolving creation., ed. Keith B. Miller, 370-389. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

———. 2003. The cosmos in the light of the cross. Harrisburg, Pa.: Trinity Press International.

———. 1998. The theology of the cross and god's work in the world. Zygon 33, (2): 221-31.

Murphy, Nancey C. 2006. Bodies and souls, or spirited bodies?. Current issues in theology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1996. Beyond liberalism and fundamentalism : How modern and postmodern philosophy set the theological agenda. Rockwell lecture series. Valley Forge, Pa.: Trinity Press International.

Murphy, Nancey C., and Carl S. Helrich. 2002. Religion and science : God, evolution and the soul by nancey murphy : Proceedings of the goshen conference on religion and science. Kitchener, Ont.: Pandora Press.

Noll, Mark A. 1994. The scandal of the evangelical mind. Grand Rapids, Mich.; Leicester, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Inter-Varsity Press.

———. 1992. A history of christianity in the united states and canada. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

———. 1986. Between faith and criticism : Evangelicals, scholarship, and the bible in america. Confessional perspectives series. San Francisco: Harper & Row.

Numbers, Ronald L. 2006. The creationists : From scientific creationism to intelligent design. Expand ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Peters, Ted, and Martin Hewlett. 2006. Can you believe in god and evolution? : A guide for the perplexed. Nashville: Abingdon Press.

———. 2003. Evolution from creation to new creation : Conflict, conversation , and convergence. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press.

Plantinga, Alvin. Sept 1997. Methodological naturalism. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 49, (3): 143-154.

———. 1977. God, freedom, and evil. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Polkinghorne, J. C. 2006; 1988. Science and creation : The search for understanding. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press.

———. Creation, evil, and time. in The Faraday Institute of Science and Religion: Summer 2006 Lecture Series [database online]. 2006Available from http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/resources/Summer%20Course%201/045_John_Polkinghorne3.mp3.

———. 2004. Science and the trinity : The christian encounter with reality. New Haven: Yale University Press.

———. 2002. The god of hope and the end of the world. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.

———. 2000. Faith, science and understanding. London: Spck.

———. 1998. Science and theology : An introduction. London; Minneapolis, Minn.: Spck; Fortress Press.

———. 1994. Science and christian belief: Theological reflections of a bottom-up thinker. Gifford lectures for 1993-4. London: Spck.

———. 1989. Science and providence : God's interaction with the world. London: Spck.

———. The future of the science-religion debate. in The Faraday Institute of Science and Religion [database online]. Available from http://graphite.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/resources/FAR173%20John%20Polkinghorne.mp3.

Poole, Michael. 2002. Explaining or explaining away? Science and Christian Belief 14, (2): 123-142.

Poole, Michael, and Gordon J. Wenham. 1987. Creation or evolution : A false antithesis?. Latimer studies. Vol. 23-24. Oxford: Latimer House.

Roberts, Michael. 2008. Evangelicals and science. Greenwood guides to science and religion. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.

———. 2007. Genesis chapter 1 and geological time from hugo grotius and marin mersenne to william conybeare and thomas chalmers (1620–1825). Geological Society, London, Special Publications 273, : 39-49.

Rogers, Jack Bartlett, and Donald K. McKim. 1979. The authority and interpretation of the bible : An historical approach. 1st ed. San Francisco: Harper & Row.

Rusbult, Craig. Naturalism and NATURALISM (two meanings: Descriptive and atheistic). in ASA [database online]. [cited January 2007]. Available from http://www.asa3.org/asa/education/origins/naturalism.htm.

Sandeen, Ernest Robert. 1978. The roots of fundamentalism ; british and american millenarianism, 1800-1930. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House.

Sarna, Nahum M. 1967. Understanding genesis. The heritage of biblical israel. Vol. 1. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America.

Schneider, Robert. Essays on science and faith: Perspectives on christianity and science. [cited November 13 2009]. Available from http://community.berea.edu/scienceandfaith/essays.asp.

Seely, Paul. March 2008. Genesis 1–11 in the light of its second millennial worldview: A response to carol Hill’s worldview alternative. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 60, (1): 44-47.

———. 2001. The date of the tower of babel and some theological implications. Westminster Theological Journal 63, : 15-38.

———. 1997. The geographical meaning of "earth" and "seas" in genesis 1: 10. Westminster Theological Journal 59, : 231-55.

———. 1991. The firmament and the water above. part I: The meaning of raqia in gen 1: 6-8. Westminster Theological Journal 53, : 241-61.

Shults, F. LeRon. 2008. Christology and science. Ashgate science and religion series. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Singh, Simon. 2004. Big bang : The origin of the universe. 1st U.S. ed. New York: Fourth Estate.

Stackhouse, John Gordon. 2007. Defining evangelical. Church and Faith Trends 1, (1): 1-5, http://files.efc-canada.net/min/rc/cft/V01I01/Defining_Evangelical.pdf.

———. 1998. Can god be trusted? : Faith and the challenge of evil. New York: Oxford University Press.

———. 1993. Canadian evangelicalism in the twentieth century : An introduction to its character. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Swinburne, Richard. 2003. The resurrection of god incarnate. Oxford; New York: Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press.

Theobald, Douglas. 29+ evidences for macroevolution: The scientific case for common descent. in Talk Origins [database online]. [cited May 2006]. Available from http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/comdesc.

Thorson, Walter. March 2002. Legitimacy and scope of “Naturalism” in science - part 1: Theological basis for "naturalistic" science. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 54, (1): 2-11.

———. March 2002. Legitimacy and scope of “Naturalism” in science - part II:Scope for new scientific paradigms. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 54, (1): 12-21.

VanTil, Howard. 2003. Is the universe capable of evolving? In Perspectives on an evolving creation., ed. Keith B. Miller, 313-334. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

Waltke, Bruce K. Barriers to accepting the possibility of creation by means of an evolutionary process. in Biologos [database online]. [cited October 20 2009]. Available from http://biologos.org/uploads/projects/Waltke_scholarly_essay.pdf.

Waltke, Bruce K., and Charles Yu. 2007. An old testament theology : An exegetical, canonical, and thematic approach. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.

Walton, John H. 2009. The lost world of genesis one : Ancient cosmology and the origins debate. Downers Grove, Ill.: IVP Academic.

Wenham, Gordon J. Interpreting genesis 1-11. in The Faraday Institute of Science and Religion [database online]. 2009Available from http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/resources/short%20course%203/Gordon%20Wenham.mp3.

Wenham, Gordon J. 1990. Original sin in genesis 1-11. The Churchman 104, (4).

———. 1989. The place of biblical criticism in theological study. Themelios: 84-9.

———. 1987. Genesis 1-15. Word biblical commentary. Vol. 1. Dallas, Tex.: Word Books.

Wiens, Roger. Radiometric dating: A christian perspective. [cited May 2006]. Available from http://www.asa3.org/aSA/resources/Wiens.html.

Wigner, Eugene. 1960. The unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences. Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics 13, (1): 1-14.

Wilcox, David L. March 2004. Establishing adam: Recent evidences for a late date adam. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 56, (1): 49-54.

———. 2004. God and evolution : A faith-based understanding. 1st ed. Valley Forge, Pa.: Judson Press.

———. 2003. Finding adam: The genetics of human origins. In Perspectives on an evolving creation., ed. Keith B. Miller, 234-253. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans.

Wilkins, John. Evolution and chance. in Talk Origins [database online]. [cited December 2006]. Available from http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/chance/chance.html.

Wright, N. T. Can a scientist believe the resurrection? in The Faraday Institute of Science and Religion [database online]. [cited December 2008]. Available from http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/resources/NTWright.mp3.

Wright, N. T. 2003. The resurrection of the son of god. Christian origins and the question of god. Vol. 3. London: Spck.

Young, D. A. 1995. The antiquity and the unity of the human race revisited. Christian Scholar's Review 24, : 380-96.

New Faith / Science Resources

One of this Blog's objectives is to provide pointers to other helpful Faith / Science resources. Here are three new resources that should be of interest to many readers.

A) New Resource for Churches: "Test of Faith" Film
The UK based Faraday Institute for Science and Religion is one of the world's premier faith / science organizations and has probably the best set of multimedia resources available on the web. Faraday has now launched a Templeton Foundation supported initiative called Test of Faith with the goal to provide resources to churches. Contributions will come from Polkinghorne, McGrath, Collins and many others. A documentary film has been shot and you can catch a preview at the Pentecost Festival this weekend in London - unfortunately that is London, England and not London, Ontario – so I won’t be attending.

Additional related (but work in progress) resources include:

• A book
• A short course for small groups based on sections of the film.
• A leaders' guide with background information and helps for preparation and further study
• Short articles for free download
• Extracts from the film for use in a talk or sermon
• Extended interviews with scientists to watch online

B) Biologos

Over on this side of the pond Collins along with Karl Giberson and Darrel Falk have launched their own Templeton supported initiative – the Biologos Foundation.

BioLogos represents the harmony of science and faith. It addresses the central themes of science and religion and emphasizes the compatibility of Christian faith with scientific discoveries about the origins of the universe and life. To communicate this message to the general public and add to the ongoing dialog, The BioLogos Foundation created BioLogos.org.

On their website they have articles, answers to frequently asked questions, and a blog called Science and the Sacred (unfortunately, the authors don’t appear to be participating in the comments section). Other projects include providing curriculum for Christian schools, short courses, and workshops. The first workshop will be led by Tim Keller and looks very interesting:

The fall workshop is intended to build bridges between key leaders, which will open up comfortable communication channels between respected evangelical scientists working on origins, and key religious leaders in the evangelical Christian church. Invitations have been extended to 15 leading scientists, 15 leading theologians, and 15 leading pastors.

The focus of the 2009 workshop will be celebrating God’s creation in the light of 21st century knowledge about the universe and our place in it.

Since this workshop is “invitation only” I won’t be attending this event either. Hey if they have 15 each of leading scientists, theologians, and pastors, you would think they could include at least one blogger? If that concession is made, my vote (and all proxies my readers care to give me) go to RJS who posts on science and faith over at Scot McKnight’s Blog JesusCreed - some of the best conversations in the blogosphere. On her most recent post both Kenton Sparks (author of God’s Word in Human Words) and Peter Enns (author of Inspiration and Incarnation) are participating in the conversation.

C) New Resource for Christian Schools

If you can’t wait for the Biologos curriculum, you should check out Gordon Glover’s just completed 16-part video series Science and Christian Education on his youtube channel. No Templeton Foundation funding or team of world famous scientists and theologians on Gordon’s team. Just one guy that is passionate about helping his fellow Christians understand that science does not have to threaten their faith.

Excellent New Science-Faith Curriculum Appropriate for Churches

Douglas Hayworth has flagged an excellent Science-Faith resource for Church groups. The Religion and Science: Pathways to Truth course is offered by the Wesley Ministry Network (WMN) and includes nine DVD-based lessons with submissions from Francis Collins, John Polkinghorne, Darrel Falk, Ted Peters, Alister McGrath and many others. WMN states that the target audience is

For laypersons or clergy groups in churches of all denominations. Course materials will also be an invaluable addition to university classes in science and religion.

This looks very exciting.

Full Program (from the WMN website):
1. Introduction: by Francis S. Collins, Director, The Human Genome Project
2. Friends or Foes? The Story of a Complex Relationship: by David Wilkinson, St. John's College, Durham (England)
3. Truth in Science and Theology: by Philip Clayton, Claremont School of Theology
4. God and Nature: by Keith Ward, Oxford University
5. Creation and Evolution: by Darrel Falk, Point Loma Nazarene University
6. What Does It Mean to Be Human?: by Warren Brown, Fuller Theological Seminary
7. The God of Hope and the End of the World: by John Polkinghorne, Cambridge University
8. Genetic Science and the Frontiers of Ethics: by Ted Peters, Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary
9. Concluding Bible Study on Creation Care: by Beth Norcross, Denise Dombkowski Hopkins, Bruce Birch, Susan Willhauck & Kendall Soulen, Wesley Theological Seminary

There is also a Bonus DVD that Includes:
1. A Conversation Between Nobel Laureate William Phillips (N.I.S.T.; University of Maryland)and Francis S. Collins
2. The Dawkins Delusion?: by Alister McGrath, Oxford University
3. Reflections on a Life of Faith and Science: by Nobel-Laureate Charles-Townes, Berkeley, University of California
4. Natural Selection and the Economy of Grace: by Amy Laura Hall, Duke University Divinity School

Ten Books and what they mean for Evolutionary Creationism

Quick Quiz. How many books do you think possess all of the following characteristics?

• Promotes the compatibility between biological evolution and an Evangelical expression of the Christian faith
• Is a non-academic work targeted at a popular reading level
• Was published in North America prior to 2003

To the best of my knowledge, the right answer is none. A big fat zero. Zilch. As of 5 years ago, you could not find a single popular-level work by an North American Evangelical Christian which dissented from the evolution / Christian faith conflict thesis. (Note: There were some published in Europe). Fast-forward 5 years. As of June 2008, North American Evangelicals have at least 10 books that meet the above characteristics. They are as follows:

The Ten Books
1. Richard Colling, Random Designer (2004)
2. Darrel Falk, Coming to Peace with Science (2004)
3. David Wilcox, God and Evolution (2004)
4. Stephen Godfrey and Christopher Smith, Paradigms on Pilgrimage (2005)
5. Owen Gingerich, God’s Universe (2006)
6. Francis Collins, The Language of God (2007)
7. Gordon Glover, Beyond the Firmament (2007)
8. Deborah and Loren Haarsma, Origins (2007)
9. Karl Giberson, Saving Darwin (2008)
10. Denis Lamoureux, Evolutionary Creation (2008)

Why did Evangelicals have to wait so long to receive this type of book? Why did this mini-explosion of books occur now? Why is the author profile for all these books nearly identical (they are almost all scientists)? Allow me to provide my own speculations.

What this Tells Me
1. Evolutionary Creationism (EC) is no longer a radical fringe position within the Evangelical community. We have a dozen well-educated Evangelicals who defend both Christian and scientific orthodoxy, and who have invested the time and energy to communicate science/faith compatibility to the typical Evangelical in the pew. The scholarly dialogue phase regarding the scientific merits of biological evolution within the mainstream evangelical scientific community may be practically complete; we are now in a phase where this community is communicating their (majority?) consensus to their Christian brothers and sisters who are less comfortable with scientific discussions.

2. This communication to the masses is however, very, very recent. Even 10 years ago, North American Evangelicals would have had a tough time finding any popular level discussion that was even sympathetic to an EC view, let alone one that actively promoted it. Now Evangelicals can pick and choose among several options. So, to those EC’s that are frustrated with the pace of the acceptance of EC ideas I say: “Please be patient, we have only started to get this message out.”

3. Notwithstanding this consensus among Evangelical scientists, there is a huge gap within the Evangelical academic community. (See also the historical perspective & future directions post by Ted Davis). Whereas the discussion among evangelical scientists is relatively mature, the discussion among biblical scholars is just beginning. As to Evangelical theologians, do they even realize that there is a discussion?

What we need to do
1. The time is past for lamenting the lack of sound scientific resources on the topic of biological evolution from a distinctly Evangelical perspective. We probably have all that we really need. What we should be doing is promoting the resources that are already available.

2. Given that this reconciliation within the Evangelical community is so recent, and that the past conflict was so harsh, those of us that are comfortable with an EC perspective need to exhibit a spirit of understanding, patience and love when discussing these issues with other Evangelicals (see also particularly Richard Colling’s recent post on this topic).

3. Finally, we need to do something to wake up the Evangelical theological community. As I have said in the past, it is not sufficient for theologians to explain historic theological approaches that may have been appropriate for Christians in ages past. For the good of our faith we also need approaches that make sense of our modern and post-modern world. And the relationship between science and faith (and evolution & faith in particular) is one of the most salient issues causing angst among modern & post-modern Evangelicals.

Miller, Polkinghorne, and Wright: The Evolution of the Long Commute

I often spend up to 2 hours of my workday commuting to and from my clients' offices, in a train where possible, but more often than not in my car. Needless to say I am not too happy about this wasted time.

John Stackhouse claims that this commuting problem also increases my risk of becoming dumber:

What are we doing during those hours upon hours in our cars, buses, trains, and the like? Some of us are getting dumber: listening to (bad, which is to say, typical) talk radio or pop music; fuming at other drivers while trying to shave a few minutes off the commute; or simply letting our minds idly flit from one vaguely anxious or annoying or trivial thought to another.

So a few months back, I bought a converter that allows me to play mp3s from my laptop to my car stereo. I’m glad I did. This has allowed me to listen to a wide variety of lectures and sermons during my long commute.

(Please note: I do set the whole thing up prior to backing out of my driveway. I do NOT endanger others or myself by attempting to drive & interact with my laptop simultaneously).

Many of my commuting lectures are downloaded from the “Faraday Institute of Science and Religion” multimedia page. Faraday has a wide range of resources on the religion / science interface, probably the best set of resources that reflect both a commitment to Christian orthodoxy and integrity in science. Categories include bioethics, biology, the environment, divine action, evolution, history of science and religion, philosophy of science, physics and cosmology, and science and the bible. I have just started working my way through the series but, from what I can tell, most lectures are exceptionally strong.

Some recent highlights:

1. Ken Miller: “Chance, Necessity, and Evolution”

The title of this lecture is probably a little misleading. Miller (author of Finding Darwin’s God) conducts a wide ranging discussion on his own experience in the Evolution vs. ID conflict, including his account of the Dover trial. Although not necessarily an in-depth discussion of randomness in evolution, Miller is at his engaging best in this lecture, and I definitely recommend it.

One particularly interesting item: When addressing the idea of “apparent age”, Miller refers to the “Steve Martin God” because the God postulated by the apparent age argument is “One Wild and Crazy Guy”. Just another reason for me to despise the Omphalos hypothesis.

2. John Polkinghorne: The Future of the Science-Religion Debate

This was a very interesting lecture on the direction Polkinghorne thinks the Science-Religion dialogue (why must we always call it a debate?) is heading. One topic he discusses is the coming shift in emphasis to the human sciences (eg. psychology & sociology). Fortunately the evolution-faith discussion may be ending; unfortunately the discussion re: mind-soul-faith could be just as nasty. Another growing area of interest is the place of information theory and pattern dynamics. Polkinghorne predicts that by end of the 21st century, “information will take its place beside energy & matter” in the physical sciences. Connecting the two topics above, Polkinghorne believes that the soul is not some detachable spiritual entity but is an “almost infinitely complex information bearing pattern”. Anyone want to start a blog called “An Evangelical Dialogue on Non-reductive Physicalism”?

3. N.T. Wright: Can a Scientist Believe in the Resurrection

I must confess that I have not read much N.T. Wright, but I plan to rectify that in the future (I am currently reading The New Testament and the People of God). This lecture is (I believe) a whirlwind summary of his very important The Resurrection of the Son of God. That is next on my list.

Wright had a memorable line in the Q&A following the lecture. When asked about Richard Dawkins' God Delusion he replied “I must confess I never finished it. It was one of those books that once I put it down I could not pick it up again”.

Short Conclusion
I’m not sure that a commuting lecture strategy will allow me to avoid becoming any dumber. But it certainly has made the commute much more enjoyable.

New Essay on Young Earth Creationism

I have previously recommended Robert Schneider’s exceptional Science and Faith essays on my brief Internet Resources page (which I acknowledge is desperately in need of an update). Schneider has now added to the series with his 8th essay entitled “Young Earth Creationism”. He provides an brief history of the movement, describes its characteristics, and offers a critique of its cultural assumptions, scientific practices, interpretation of scripture, and theology.

He then concludes with wise words on how those of us that support both the integrity of scripture and science should approach YECs:

[It] is critical for Christians like us to enter into conversation with YECs. But it must be respectful. I do not think that trading scientific arguments serves any useful purpose. There is a greater place on which to stand -- on the common ground of the Bible itself. We can help YECs, especially the youth among them, realize that there are other interpretations of the Scriptures that preserve their rightful role as messengers of revelation without cramming into them scientific concepts that they never were meant to contain. We can help them to see that modern science and the Bible are not in conflict with one another, but complement one another, that there is no contradiction between the creating Word revealed by the Rock of Ages and the record of an ancient earth revealed in the ages of rocks.

For those who want to do in depth historical research on the YEC movement, Ronald Number’s “The Creationists” will need to be consulted. For the majority though, Schneider's essay is the place to start. Excellent paper Robert.

What Does Evolution Mean? A Framework for Christians

Much of the confusion in the evolution debate lies in the meaning of the word “evolution”. Since it can have several different meanings, and even the scientific definition of evolution can include several distinct components, it is not surprising that many confusing and confused arguments are articulated. Certainly the conversation is very difficult when conversation partners discussing evolution do not share the same definition, conflate several of the definitions, or elevate one component of evolution to be descriptive of the whole.

Dr. Allan Harvey has provided a simple overview of the various meanings of evolution. Harvey, a fellow ASA member, recently taught a 6-part course on “Science and Nature in Christian perspective” at his conservative Presbyterian church in Boulder Colorado, and the 5th essay in the series is on evolution. (Note: The entire course looks outstanding. It is presented in clear non-technical terms, and Harvey includes wise counsel on how Christians who accept the integrity of scripture should approach science. For anyone beginning this journey, I highly recommend reading through the entire series)

Harvey provides a framework that includes 6 meanings for the word evolution, and remarks on both the scientific certainty and compatibility with the Christian faith for each definition. These six meanings are:

E1. Change over time
E2. Common ancestry
E3. Evolutionary mechanisms (genetic variation, natural selection).
E4. The ability for these Evolutionary mechanisms to account (physically) for common descent.
E5. Origin of life (chemical evolution)
E6. Evolutionism

I have grouped these meanings into three categories: those meanings for which the scientific evidence is overwhelming and thus enjoy an extremely high degree of certainty (E1, E2, and E3), those definitions that are less certain based on the scientific evidence (E4 and E5), and those definitions whose conclusions are based on metaphysical assumptions rather than the scientific evidence(E6).

Evolution Meanings Group#1: Extremely high degree of scientific certainty

Harvey’s first three meanings for evolution (E1 – E3) are all extremely well supported by the scientific evidence. There is also, in Harvey’s view, no incompatibility between these meanings and the Christian Faith.

E-1) Change over time. This is the most basic meaning of the English word “evolution,” simply meaning that something changes with the passage of time. For example, we might talk about the evolution of popular music, or the evolution of stars. With regard to living things, this simply says that things are different than they were in the past (there used to be dinosaurs; now there aren’t). Almost nobody denies this meaning.

The only opposition to E1 is in the time available for changes to occur. Young Earth Creationists (YEC) would disagree with the scientific consensus of cosmological evolution (formation of the cosmos eg. stars) because of the billions of years required for this process.

E-2) Common ancestry. This is central to what scientists usually mean by “evolution.” Common ancestry (or common descent) means that life has branched out, so dogs and wolves are distant cousins, dogs and cats are more distant cousins, and if you go back far enough dogs and fish, or dogs and trees, had a common ancestor. You can put humans in the family tree as well – related to chimpanzees, more distant from other mammals, and so forth.

As I’ve commented earlier here, a shared ancestry with non-human life does not contradict the biblical claim of humanity’s creation in the image of God. As well, as Harvey points out in his 3rd essay, and as I’ve commented here, common descent does not compromise the integrity of scripture. In fact, many of the leaders in the Intelligent Design (ID) movement (eg. Michael Behe, author of The Edge of Evolution) also support common descent, even though ID is often described as anti-evolution.

E-3) Evolutionary mechanisms (genetic variation, natural selection). This refers to specific natural mechanisms (first proposed by Darwin, although in a primitive way because genetics was not yet understood) that cause species to change. Genetic variation is the fact that (due to mixing of parental genes and to mutations) children have different genes and different traits. Natural selection refers to the fact that the traits will make some children more likely to survive and pass their genes on to future generations.

Note that in recent years even YEC organizations have started backing away from their opposition to the mechanism of natural selection (see here and here). They have also admitted that natural selection can lead to new species, and that “in fact, rapid speciation is an important part of the creation model”.

Evolution Meanings Group#2: Less Scientific Certainty

Harvey’s 4th and 5th meanings of evolution enjoy less scientific certainty (in fact, there is very little current evidence for E5). These definitions have historically experienced aggressive opposition from Christians (certainly more than E1-E3), but Harvey does not believe this needs to be the case.

E-4) Mechanisms (E-3) account (physically) for common descent. This is typically what scientists mean by “the theory of evolution.” We know these mechanisms produce changes in species, but do they account for all the evolution (in the E-2 sense) that has happened through the history of life on Earth? Most biologists, including most Christians working in these areas, would say “yes,” but it is certainly not as 100% established as the previous meanings.

I believe E4 is the meaning that sharply divides Christians who identify themselves as Theistic Evolutionists (TE) or Evolutionary Creationists (EC) from those who are anti-evolutionists, particularly those that are supporters of ID. Harvey’s 4th essay called “Natural Theology or a Theology of Nature” explains briefly why E4 should not really cause any conflict for Christians.

E-5) Origin of life (chemical evolution). The theory of evolution is only an explanation for the development of life from other life. How life began in the first place is a different question, but people have proposed somewhat similar theories (the technical term is ambiogenesis) of how that happened. That is an area where there is much room for doubt; some people see it as an insurmountable problem, while others think science is coming closer to good explanations.

E5 is the meaning that really sparks derision among anti-evolutionists. And the lack of evidence for E5 is often used to discount the validity of E2 through E4. It is still an open question whether a “natural” origin of life theory that is supported by the scientific evidence is 3 years away, 30 years away, 300 years away, or is practically impossible. The important point is that Christians need not oppose E5 for the same reasons that E4 need not be opposed.

Evolution Meanings Group#3: Definitions based on metaphysical assumptions

Harvey’s final meaning for evolution (E6) is unrelated to science.

E-6) Evolutionism. I use that term to refer to a meaning that is not science at all, but rather an ideology that sometimes masquerades as science. This starts with the philosophical position that natural explanations exclude God (the “God of the Gaps” error discussed in Chapter 4). Since science has produced these natural explanations for life, those with this ideology claim to have pushed God out of the picture. Of course these metaphysical conclusions are not science in any way – those who advocate this meaning are simply pushing atheistic philosophy, and it is wrong to try to claim it is a result of science.

This meaning for evolution is obviously not something that can ever be accepted by a Christian. But this is the meaning that both Christian anti-evolutionists and “evangelistic anti-theist” atheists push to the forefront. They conflate evolution meanings E2 through E5 with E6, and thus state that TEs and ECs are supporting atheism, materialism, or moral relativism (anti-evolutionist claims) or are deluded and cowardly for not following the scientific evidence to its logical conclusion (anti-theist claim).

Conclusion

I really like how Harvey categorizes the various definitions of evolution. They are helpful both for Christians trying to understand evolution, and for those of us that are frequently engaged in the evolution / faith dialogue. I am planning to use these definitions in my own conversations. Hopefully this will allow all of us to hone in on the salient issues more quickly, and avoid talking past each other. Ok, maybe that's overly optimist, but it can't hurt to try.

Recommended Blog: Quintessence of Dust

Evangelical biologists have only recently started speaking out publicly about their support for biological evolution. I could be wrong (ie. I’m inviting correction), but I don’t think any Evangelical biologist spoke out publicly about their support for evolution prior to 25 years ago. And all the books targeted to a lay audience have appeared in the last 10 years (See books by Collins, Falk, Colling, and Wilcox).

Books like these are important for initiating a discussion on evolution and faith within the Evangelical community, but I think other mediums, including weblogs, can also perform a positive role. As such I’d like to recommend a new weblog by Calvin College biologist Stephen Matheson called Quintessence of Dust. He states that on his blog he:

… will deal with issues of science and Christian faith, focusing on genetics, development, evolution, neuroscience and topics related. I'll regularly address intelligent design and creationism, among other scientific issues that attract the attention of evangelical Christians. My main theme will be scientific explanation.

Since I have no formal training in biology, my own explanations for evolution often demonstrate my relatively shallow understanding of the details. So I’m very happy to welcome to the blogsphere someone who shares a commitment to the integrity of science and scripture, but whose understanding of the details of biological evolution is anything but shallow. Matheson has already contributed two excellent posts. In On common descent and Explanation he discusses the explanatory power of common descent. In Which came first, The bird or the smaller genome? he examines the fascinating link between the ability to fly and small genomes, and how common descent can explain this pattern – something that ID can not.

I’m looking forward to following this blog – check it out.

“Beyond the Firmament”: A Good Starting Point

I’m frequently asked questions like the following: “What book should I read to gain a better understanding of evolution and its implications for the Christian faith?” Unfortunately, this is actually not an easy question to answer; at least I’ve found it very difficult. And I’m often dissatisfied with my answer. So it is probably safe to assume that others are dissatisfied with my answers as well.

Part of the challenge is that so many different academic subjects are relevant to the evolution and faith dialogue. Should one start with a good commentary on Genesis (eg. Gordon Wenham’s Genesis 1-15) or something that looks at OT interpretation in the Ancient Near Eastern context (eg. Peter Enn’s “Inspiration and Incarnation”)? How about examining reasons for Evangelical's historic opposition to evolution? Murphy’s “Beyond Liberalism and Fundamentalism”, Noll’s “The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind”, or Numbers’ “The Creationists” all explore various aspects of this topic. Starting with the scientific evidence for evolution is also a possible strategy and one of the three books by Evangelical biologists that I reviewed here might be appropriate. For breadth of coverage, Keith Miller’s “Perspectives on an Evolving Creation” which I reviewed here is excellent and Polkinghorne’s “Science and Christian Belief” is the book I’d choose to take with me to a desert island, but neither is a book I’d recommend as a starter for someone new to the subject.

Gordon Glover highlights this problem as well:

If [someone] were to ask me to recommend a “good book” that was short, to-the-point and could help them work through these difficult issues, I would have to give them not one, but several books on a variety of subjects. For example, they would need to know a little about ancient Near-Eastern cultures as well as the history of scientific development. A basic understanding of scientific principles and some familiarity with modern theories including the Big Bang and evolution would also be essential. Finally, they would need to grasp some key theological and philosophical concepts that help tie all of these things together into a single consistent approach. But who has time for all of that?

So Glover decided to “fill that void”. His soon to be released “Beyond the Firmament” looks like it might fit the bill for a single volume, short introduction for Evangelicals grappling with the difficult issues raised by evolution. The paragraph quoted above is from his preface, which he has posted online here.

As an Evangelical interested in science, Glover initially embraced Young Earth Creationism, but over many years became “increasingly unsatisfied with some of the creative ways Christians reinterpret the Bible to agree with the latest findings of modern science.” His book is the culmination of much research and thinking. He states that it “affords me a brief moment to capture what I’ve learned thus far (before I forget what I went through to get here), so that anyone else who also finds themselves unsatisfied with how both sides have framed this [creation vs. evolution] debate might profit from my experience”.

I think one of reasons I’m attracted to “Beyond the Firmament” is that Glover’s experience seems to parallel my own. Both of us were raised in environments where evolution was tantamount to atheism. Both of us had an interest in science and became uncomfortable with the message & tactics “in our own camp”. Neither of us is an academic, meaning that we have had to make a significant personal investment looking at the options and evidence. And both of us have reached a point where biological evolution and our Christian faith form a coherent framework. I’m definitely looking forward to this book. I encourage you to check out his website at http://www.blog.beyondthefirmament.com/.

Evolution from an Evangelical Perspective: Recommended Internet Resources

(Last updated: November 6, 2007)

One of the great things about the Internet is you CAN find just about everything. One the worst things about the Internet is that you DO find just about everything. Sorting the wheat from the chaff (let alone the rat bait) can be a frustrating task. Google search may be your friend, but it probably should not be your starting point for researching a topic like an Evangelical view of Evolution. The following is my suggestion on how to approach the topic.

A) Theistic Evolution (TE) or Evolutionary Creation (EC) Resources

Assumption: You are an Evangelical Christian and know very little about evolution. Almost everything you’ve heard about it from other Christians is negative. You are surprised that some Evangelical Christians are very comfortable with the science of biological evolution. Where do you start?

1. The 15 minute starter essay: Denis Lamoureux’s essay “Evolutionary Creation”: It provides an excellent explanation of why the scientific theory of evolution can be acknowledged by Evangelicals without compromising the theology of creation or biblical authority.

2. Overviews of science and faith from an Evangelical perspective:
I highly recommend two series of essays written by fellow ASA members Allan Harvey and Robert Schneider.

• Harvey provides 6 highly accessible essays on Science and Nature from a Christian Perspective. These are based on a course he provided at his church.
• Schneider provides more indepth coverage of both the historical background and the science in his 8 essay series entitled Science and Faith.

3. Answering Young Earth Creationist arguments against Radiometric Dating & an old earth: Roger Wiens has written an excellent, readable paper geared towards the general public called Radiometric Dating: A Christian Perspective.

4. Resources for in-depth Science and Faith articles:

• The American Scientific Affiliation (ASA) page on Creation and Evolution has a wealth of information and articles.
• The index to the ASA’s journal Perspectives on Science and the Christian Faith (PSCF) is also an excellent resource as the journal has almost 60 years worth of articles online. It does take a little digging though to find what you want. The articles in this journal have heavily influenced my own views - about 20% of the references in my selected bibliography are from this journal - check it out for some of the titles I’ve found helpful.
• For wealth of links, check out the course resource page for this Cal State Fullerton Philosophy course on Evolution and Creation.
• Another good resource is the online article section http://www.cis.org.uk/resources/articles/articles.shtml on the website of the UK “Christians in Science” group.
• The Science and Christian Belief journal is also good, but only a few of the articles are available for free online. Most good university libraries will have access to the full electronic version of this journal.

5. Multimedia Science and Faith Resources:

• The Faraday Institute has many fabulous lectures online at http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/Multimedia.php. One of my favourite authors, John Polkinghorne, is well represented here.
• Gordon Glover has some good introductory videos to go with his book "Beyond the Firmament".

6. Overview of the Science of Evolution

• See the Understanding Evolution page at Berkeley.

B) Other Viewpoints

Many Christians do not accept the scientific evidence for evolution, and believe that it is theologically damaging. These Christians can generally be categorized into three groups.

1) Young Earth Creationism (YEC)

YEC’s interpret the creation accounts in Genesis literally (see my post on this) and believe that the earth is only about 6000 years old. The best resources for articles from a YEC point of view are Answers in Genesis (AIG) and Creation Ministries International (CMI)

2) Old Earth Creationism (OEC)

OEC’s accept the evidence for an old earth, but not the evidence for biological evolution. The best resource for articles from this viewpoint is Hugh Ross’s Reason to Believe.

3) Intelligent Design (ID):

ID is a complicated movement. ID has been described as the view that “nature shows tangible signs of having been designed by a pre-existing intelligence”. Although ID by definition is not anti-evolutionary, most adherents do oppose evolution, and much of its apologetic work is anti-evolutionary.

A good source of ID resources is the Access Research Network (ARN) website.

A good way to get to know the views of ID adherents is to follow the Uncommondescent weblog

Evangelicals and Evolution: Selected Bibliography

(Last updated November 6, 2007)

Alexander, Denis. "Can Science Explain Everything? Scientific Naturalism and the Death of Science." The Cambridge Papers 8 #2, (June 1999): December 2006, http://www.cis.org.uk/resources/articles/article_archive/naturalism.htm (accessed December 2006).

———. "Is Intelligent Design Biblical?" Evangelicals Now (2005): December 2006, http://cis.org.uk/resources/articles/article_archive/EN_IDarticle.pdf.

———. Rebuilding the Matrix : Science and Faith in the 21st Century. 1st ed. Oxford: Lion Books, 2001.

———. "Does Evolution have any Religious Significance? "http://www.cis.org.uk/resources/articles/article_archive/evolution_relig_signif/alexander_01.htm (accessed December, 2006).

Bimson, John. "Reconsidering a "Cosmic Fall"." Science and Christain Belief 18, (2006): 63-81.

Bright, John. A History of Israel. 4th ed. Louisville, Ky: Westminster J. Knox Press, 2000.

Collins, Francis. The Language of God : A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief. New York: Free Press, 2006.

Collins, Robin. "Evolution and Original Sin." In Perspectives on an Evolving Creation, edited by Keith B. Miller, 469-501. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 2003.

Dembinski, William. "Christian Theodicy in Light of Genesis and Modern Science." http://www.designinference.com/documents/2006.05.christian_theodicy.pdf (accessed December, 2006).

Dickerson, Richard. "The Game of Science: Reflections After Arguing with some rather Overwrought People." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 44, no. 2 (June 1992): 137-138.

Enns, Peter. Inspiration and Incarnation : Evangelicals and the Problem of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2005.

Falk, Darrel. Coming to Peace with Science : Bridging the Worlds between Faith and Biology. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2004. Fischer, D. "In Search of the Historical Adam: Part 2." Perspectives on Science and the Christian Faith 46, (1994): 47-57.

———. "In Search of the Historical Adam: Part 1." Perspectives on Science and the Christian Faith 45, (1993): 241-250.

Gingerich, Owen. God's Universe Owen Gingerich. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006.

Glover, Gordon. Beyond the Firmament, Watertree Press, 2007.

Gould, Stephen Jay. "Evolution as Fact and Theory." http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/gould_fact-and-theory.html.

Gray, Terry. "Biochemistry and Evolution." In Perspectives on an Evolving Creation, edited by Keith B. Miller, 256-287. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 2003.

———. "Complexity--Yes! Irreducible--Maybe! Unexplainable--no! A Creationist Criticism of Irreducible Complexity." ASA. http://www.asa3.org/evolution/irred_compl.html (December 2006).

Haarsma, Deborah and Jennifer Wiseman. "An Evolving Cosmos." In Perspectives on an Evolving Creation, edited by Keith B. Miller, 97-119. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 2003.

Haarsma, Loren. "Can Many World Views Agree on Science?" Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 54, no. 1 (March 2002): 28-29.

———. "Chance from a Theistic Perspective." Talk Origins. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/chance/chance-theistic.html (May 2006).

———. "Is Intelligent Design Scientific?" ASA. http://www.asa3.org:16080/ASA/meetings/Messiah2005/papers/IsIDScientific_ASA2005.htm (May 2006).

———. "Does Science Exclude God? Natural Law, Chance, Miracles, and Scientific Practice." In Perspectives on an Evolving Creation, edited by Keith B. Miller, 72-94. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 2003.

Haarsma, Loren and Terry Gray. "Complexity, Self Organization, and Design." In Perspectives on an Evolving Creation, edited by Keith B. Miller, 288-312. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 2003.

Harvey, Allan. "Science and Nature in Christian Perspective." http://steamdoc.s5.com/sci-nature/.

Haught, JohnF and CarlS Helrich. Purpose, Evolution and the Meaning of Life : Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Goshen Conference on Religion and Science. Kitchener, Ont.: Pandora Press, 2005.

Hughes, PhilipEdgcumbe. The True Image : The Origin and Destiny of Man in Christ. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1989.

Hurd, James. "Reply to the Real Adam and Original Sin." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 58, no. 2 (June 2006): 102-3.

———. "Hominids in the Garden." In Perspectives on an Evolving Creation, edited by Keith B. Miller, 208-233. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 2003.

Hyers, Conrad. "Dinosaur Religion: On Interpreting and Misinterpreting the Creation Texts." JASA #36 September, (1984): 142-148.

———. "Biblical Literalism: Constricting the Cosmic Dance." The Christian Century Aug 4, (1982): 832-841.

Isaac, Randy. "From Gaps to Gods." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 57, no. 3 (Sept 2005): 230-4.

———. "Assessing the RATE Project." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 59, (2007): 143-146.

———. "Chronology of the Fall." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 48, (1996): 34-42.

Krienke, Karl. "Theodicy and Evolution." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 44, no. 4 (Dec 1992): 255-257.

Lamoureau, Denis. "Evolutionary Creationism". http://www.ualberta.ca/~dlamoure/3EvoCr.htm (May 2006).

Lindberg, DavidC and RonaldL Numbers. When Science & Christianity Meet. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

Livingstone, DavidN. Darwin's Forgotten Defenders : The Encounter between Evangelical Theology and Evolutionary Thought. Grand Rapids, Mich.; Edinburgh, Scotland: W.B. Eerdmans; Scottish Academic Press, 1987.

Long, V. Philips, GordonJ Wenham, and DavidW Baker. Windows into Old Testament History : Evidence, Argument, and the Crisis of "Biblical Israel". Grand Rapids, Mich. ; Cambridge, U.K.: W.B. Eerdmans, 2002.

Marsden, George M. Reforming Fundamentalism : Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 1987.

———. Fundamentalism and American Culture : The Shaping of Twentieth Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.

McGrath, AlisterE. "Has Science Eliminated God?" CiS-St Edmund's Online Lectures. http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/cis/mcgrath/index.html.

———. Dawkins' God : Genes, Memes, and the Meaning of Life. Oxford: Blackwell Pub., 2005.

McIntyre, J. A. "The Historical Adam." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 54, no. 3 (Sept. 2002): 150-7.

———. "The Real Adam and Original Sin." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 58, no. 2 (June 2006): 90-8.

Menninga, Clarence. "Creation, Time, and "Apparent Age"." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 40, no. 3 (Sept 1988): 160-2.

———. "Disease and Dying in the Fossil Record." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 51, no. 4 (Dec 1999): 226-230.

Miller, Roman. "Do we Debate Or Dialogue Issues of Science and Faith?" Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 59, no. 1 (March 2007): 1-2.

Miller, KeithB. "Theological Implications of an Evolving Creation." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 45, no. 3 (September 1993): 150-160.

———. "The Similarity of Theory Testing in the Historical and “Hard” Sciences." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 54, no. 2 (June 2002): 119-122.

———. "Common Descent, Transitional Forms, and the Fossil Record." In Perspectives on an Evolving Creation, edited by Keith B. Miller, 152-181. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 2003.

———. Perspectives on an Evolving Creation. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 2003.

Miller, KeithB and David Campbell. "The "Cambrian Explosion": A Challenge to Evolutionary Theory?" In Perspectives on an Evolving Creation, edited by Keith B. Miller, 182-204. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 2003.

Miller, KennethR. Finding Darwin's God : A Scientist's Search for Common Ground between God and Evolution. New York: Cliff Street Books, 1999.

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